Anger Is A Universal Emotion - 1231 Words

Anger is a universal emotion. It might make you act out and throw something, or it might boil up inside you until you blow up on some innocent person simply asking a question. How every person reacts to anger is different, some people may deal with anger more efficiently than others: like counseling, therapy or by taking medication that mainly focuses on depression or anxiety which fuels anger. People often wonder if they have anger problems and if it’s genetic. Not many know what part of the brain anger comes from, or what triggers it. Red often symbolizes anger, because blood is red and so is fire, both associated with anger. Anger is hard to control, and it may not be your fault for controlling it due to genetics of anger. Thanks to science, studies have given us bits and pieces to the puzzle we have before us concerning anger. Being Raised in an Angry Environment The part of the brain that controls emotions including anger, occur in the amygdala. Science has shown that adolescences use their amygdala’s for decision making more than adults, who use their frontal lobes. The reason people have anger can be from stress, abuse, finances, social or family issues. Factors like substance abuse and being raised by or with people with anger issues can affect ones’ way of dealing with and levels of anger. The Brain and Anger â€Å"Anger naturally triggers the fight/flight response, which mentally and physically prepares the body for survival. During the flight/flight response, theShow MoreRelatedAre Facial Expressions Universal? Essays993 Words   |  4 Pagesupset, or happy? The answer is that from a young age, human beings have learned how to tell someone’s emotional being from his or her facial expressions. Now here is the big question. Are facial expressions universal or cultural? In other words, are they do all cultures and people express emotions on their face the same way or does each culture or ethnicity have its distinct characteristics? Have you ever looked and someone and you thought to yourself, â€Å"That person must be having a bad day.† or â€Å"HeyRead MoreMovie Analysis : Inside Out 972 Words   |  4 Pagesrepresentation of emotions in the preadolescent brain. In creating the film, writer and director Pete Docter consulted Dr. Paul Ekman, a psychological expert on emotion (Kelly, 2015). Earlier in his life, Dr. Ekman concluded that seven universal emotions exist (Kelly 2015). After this meeting, Pete Docter was prepared to create a film that personifies five of these universal emotions: Joy, Sadness, Fear, Disgust, and Anger. The story of Inside Out is told by these five emotions, living inside theRead MoreInvestigation of Human Emotion Essay1121 Words   |  5 PagesInvestigation of Human Emotion A key aspect of human behaviour is the ability to sense and feel emotions. Emotions are defined as phenomena that are perceived by the body that causes a reaction; often these responses have physiological characteristics. This essay will look at the many psychological/ biological theories and ideologies involved in the concept of emotion. Human kind has evolved over the years to accommodate innovations in its biological, physiologicalRead MoreThe Theory Of Anger And Its Effects On The Individual s Welfare1147 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Æ' Sell et al. (2009) address the relationship of anger to the ability to inflict costs and confer benefits during negotiation through bargaining. This is assessed within the recalibrational theory of anger which theorises there is an evolutionarily derived anger system that is used in bargaining to gain favourable outcomes by incentivising others to re-assess the worth they place on the angry individual’s welfare. Welfare Trade Ratios (WTRs) compute how much worth is placed on the welfare of anotherRead More Body Language: Cultural or Universal? Essay1714 Words   |  7 Pagesinnate and thus universal. The nature versus nurture dichotomy inherent in this debate is false; one does not preclude the other’s influence. Rather researchers should seek to address the question how much of nonverbal communication is innate and how much is culturally defined? Are there any true universal nonverbal cues or just universal tendencies modified to suit cultural ideals and constraints ? It is my proposal that of all forms of nonverbal communication the most universal is the communicationRead MoreAnger Is A Type Of Emotion945 Words   |  4 Pagesask the question of â€Å"What anger is?† Today in the 21st century people deal with anger and do not know how to deal with it. Before dealing with anger you would have to know what causes anger and what to do when others deal with anger. According to Think Psychology anger is an emotion is a reaction to an object, event, person or memory (Baird, 194). Anger is a type of emotion, which is experienced with facial expressions. Anger is a type of emotion, which is a primary emotion. Some influences of an emotionalRead MoreWhat Is A Micro Expression?713 Words   |  3 PagesIn 1996 during a study of psychotherapeutic interviews two scientists, Haggard and Isaacs, discovered micro expressions. At this time they called them â€Å"micro momentary expressions†. A micro expression is a brief involuntary expression of concealed emotion. The interesting thing is these expressions can occur deliberately or unconsciously and they only last a fraction of a second. During the study Haggard and Isaacs implied that these micro expressions could not be recognized in real time. Later, PaulRead MoreUses And Detection Of Micro Expressions702 Words   |  3 PagesIn 1996 during a study of psychotherapeutic interviews two scientists, Haggard and Isaacs, discovered micro expressions. At this time they called them â€Å"micro momentary expressions†. A micro expression is a brief involuntary expression of concealed emotion. The interesting thing is these expressions can occur deliberately or unconsciously and they only last a fraction of a second. During the study Haggard and Isaacs implied that these micro expressions weren t recognizable in real time. Later, PaulRead MoreHow Emotions Affect Our Emotions1269 Words   |  6 PagesAccording to Elliot, emotions are the mental states or feelings associated with our evaluation of our experiences (Elliot, P412). Emotions affect our daily activities, our sleep, and most of the time our digestive system. Every human being have seven primary emotions that are universal and they are; happiness, disgust, fear, sadness, surprise, anger, and contempt. Despite our culture and races, we all express our facial emotion and expressions the same way. When we talk about, emotions we are also referringRead MoreNegotiation Is Defined As A Discussion Among People Whereby1114 Words   |  5 Pagesconclusion with benefits to all. Emotions can define as feelings and accompanying thoughts which arise due to one’s circumstance, mood or even relationships with others. Emotions are usually universal and cannot be ignored or escaped. Emotions help in fulfilling many important functions, from enhancin g decision making, to motivating actions, to providing people with important information about the surrounding environment .Negotiations usually bring up several emotions which can lead to very severe

Sudden Cardiac Death Information Literature - 1471 Words

Ghanshyam Patel, EMPL ID: 23591518 CHSS Research Paper Instructor: Dr. Christian Grov SUDDEN CARDIAC DEATH Author: Ghanshyam Patel MBBS, MPH EMPL Id: 23591518, Ghanshyam.patel18@sphmail.cuny.edu FROM, CUNY Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, 55 West 125th Street, New York, NY 10027, USA Abstract: Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is major public health problem. SCD continues to be one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide, with an annual incidence estimated at 250000 to 300000 in the United States and with the vast majority occurring in the setting of coronary disease and other cardiac events. I performed the systematic review of journal article ranging from 2006 to 2016 with appropriate information related to sudden cardiac death and related consequences, the context of problem and related solution. SCD is so immediate that detailed study should be performed to understand and to review in better depth with screening evaluation and permanent treatment. Objective is to summarize published sudden cardiac death information literature and article with valid information and to understand extend of issue with available options for solution. Conclusion: The sudden cardiac death is tragic event to happen. Many research had been published and new content comes nearly every year, but existing research related to it is weak. Future research efforts should be directed for developing new policy changes and social aspect of this situation. The preventionShow MoreRelatedSudden Cardiac Death By Ghanshyam Patel1322 Words   |  6 PagesGhanshyam Patel, EMPL ID: 23591518 CHSS Research Paper SUDDEN CARDIAC DEATH Author: Ghanshyam Patel MBBS, MPH EMPL Id: 23591518, Ghanshyam.patel18@sphmail.cuny.edu FROM, CUNY Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, 55 West 125th Street, New York, NY 10027, USA Abstract: Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is major public health problem. SCD continues to be one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide, with an annual incidence estimated at 250000 to 300000 in the United States andRead MoreA Study On The Cardiac Rhythm1103 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction: The electrocardiogram remains the single most important tool for interpretation of the cardiac rhythm. 1 It can be used to successfully pick up conduction abnormalities, rhythm disturbances, possible myocardial ischemia, and a slew of other abnormalities that can be linked to various cardiac or metabolic diseases. 1,2 ECGs can also be used as a preventive tool to screen for abnormalities early in the disease process. 3,4 In 1982, Italy passed a law that all individuals who want to competeRead MoreAnabolic Androgenic Steroids : The Miracle Working Products That Help Athletes Or Any Physically Active Person936 Words   |  4 Pagesheart of athletes that use it excessively. Results such as an increase in blood pressure, decrease in high density lipoproteins and sudden cardiac death, were observed with the usage of echocardiography, Conventional Doppler and SRI (p. 273-247). They hypothesized that anabolic-androgenic steroids, that is prone within individuals, could cause coronary vasospasm and cardiac arrhythmias, due to how infractions occurring in the heart with no signs of coronary thrombosis or atherosclerosis (Hassan et alRead MoreClinical Decision Support Systems ( Cdss )910 Words   |  4 Pagesachieve a high quality care with attendance lower morbidity and mortality.1 CDSS is defined as â€Å"computer-based information systems designed to assist health care providers in i mplementing clinical guidelines at the point of care. CDSS use patient data to provide tailored patient assessments and evidence-based treatment recommendations for healthcare providers to consider1†. Patient information is entered manually or automatically through an electronic health record (EHR) system2,3. CDSS are often incorporatedRead MoreSmallpox And The Epidemic Of Smallpox1467 Words   |  6 Pagesvaccinations. However, despite their proven effectiveness, many American parents refuse to vaccinate their children due to a variety of unconfirmed concerns. One such concern is a condition known as Sudden Infant Death Syndrome or SIDS. SIDS is a tragic medical disorder that causes the unusual death of infants that would otherwise appear to be perfectly healthy. The peak age where babies are at a greater risk of SIDS is between two and four months of age. This, coincidently, happens to be rightRead MoreNeurotransmitters Are Chemicals, That Are Released Into1022 Words   |  5 PagesNeurotransmitters are chemicals, that are released into the synaptic cleft from the axon terminal of the sending neuron. They are chemicals which provide information throughout the brain and body. The brain uses neurotransmitters for several functions such as to tell the heart to beat and your lungs to breathe in and out which are autonomic functions. People can use drugs to alter how the neurotransmitters work, and the rate of drug use across the world is at an all time high. Cocaine is the secondRead MoreThe Prevalence Of Ischemic Heart Disease2172 Words   |  9 Pagesthe world. Sudden cardiac arrest, the primary cause of death related to ischemic heart disease, is now the leading cause of death worldwide (Weng Sun, 2012). Of the more than 300,000 patients who suffer sudden cardiac arrest in the United States each year, only 7.9% survive to hospital discharge (Weng Sun, 2012). Lilja, et al. (2015) report that despite recent improvements in methods of cardiac resuscitation, severe and often permanent brain injury remains the leading cause of death in hospitalizedRead MoreLiterature Review On The Nervous System2053 Words   |  9 PagesReview of Literature The represent review of literature is classified to four parts: the first part deals with overview of brain anatomy, the second part focus on cerebrovascular stroke and its recurrence, the third part express management of stroke and lastly the fourth part explore complication of stroke, as the following: Part I: Anatomy of Nervous System: The nervous system NS is our processing system, and the system that keeps us in contact with the outside world. It tells us thatRead MoreAlcohol Syncope1846 Words   |  8 Pages Introduction Syncope is defined as a transient loss of consciousness with an accompanying loss of postural tone.2 Although, by definition, it is followed by spontaneous recovery, in many instances it may be the only harbinger of sudden cardiac death. Syncope is a common disorder with many different etiologies, and can compromise the quality of life and lead to significant morbidity. It accounts for 1-6 percent of hospital admissions annually and the cost of diagnosis and treatmentRead MoreTherapeutic Recreations Role in Cardiac Rehabilitation Essay2883 Words   |  12 Pagesrecreation therapy. It finally settled on therapeutic recreation in 1967 when the National Therapeutic Recreation Society was founded (Sherrill, 1998). The essay will focus on how TR specialists assist is the rehabilitation of individuals who suffer from cardiac disease. Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) Stopford (1987) defines disability as: Any restriction or lack of ability to perform an activity in the manner or within the range considered normal for a human being. CVD is a common disability

Visualize Your Best Self Free Essays

Type this in 12 point font, non bold, double spaced, paragraphs Indented, one Inch margins. Type your name at the top left hand corner. Write three or four paragraphs addressing the following questions: 1 . We will write a custom essay sample on Visualize Your Best Self or any similar topic only for you Order Now What type of learning style do I exalt the most? How did I develop this learning style? (Ponder†¦ Was your mom or dad the same kind of learner? Did your grade school teacher emphasize this learning style, or were you Just born this way? I feel I exalt a mixture of learning style. My most exalt learning style Is me being active while I’m learning. I like to have fun when I’m learning because that’s the only way I feel I can retain Information. When things I’m learning seems boring, I tend to not focus and become uninterested no matter what It may be. My mom was the type who could learn thing no matter how they were presented. My dad learn things when it active for him to do so and hands on. I have to be literally doing something with what I am learning, otherwise it will take me a while to grasp it. From what I was told by my parents, I was born active. I always watched something be done first, then I’m doing it minutes later. 2. When you thought about entering your program of study at ITT Tech, did your dominant learning style have anything to do with your choice? How do you think your dominant interests and dominant learning styles are connected? I was always into computers and technology, so it was easy to decide on what program I wanted to take at ITT Tech. I chose NSA because I felt like it fit into what I wanted to do for my career. NSA is not just a ‘sit at your desk† type career, it’s a lot of moving around and hands on self that comes with it. With me having an active learning style, I felt NSA would be perfect for me. I enjoy training and teaching others to utilize computers and other technology. I also so felt that being in the NSA field, you have to not only be active, but have an active mind as well. By dowelling Directions: Type this in 12 point font, non bold, double spaced, paragraphs indented, one inch margins. Type your name at the top left hand corner. Write three or four 1 . What type of learning style do I exhibit the most? How did I develop this learning exhibit a mixture of learning style. My most exhibit learning style is me being active feel I can retain information. When things I’m learning seems boring, I tend to not focus and become uninterested no matter what it may be. My mom was the type NSA is not Just a ‘sit at your desk† type career, it’s a lot of moving around and hands How to cite Visualize Your Best Self, Papers

Fahrenheit 451 Brave New World Essay Example For Students

Fahrenheit 451 Brave New World Essay A Rose for EmilyFahrenheit 451 Brave New WorldFor more than half a century science fiction writers have thrilled and challenged readers with visions of the future and future worlds. These authors offered an insight into what they expected man, society, and life to be like at some future time. One such author, Ray Bradbury, utilized this concept in his work, Fahrenheit 451, a futuristic look at a man and his role in society. Bradbury utilizes the luxuries of life in America today, in addition to various occupations and technological advances, to show what life could be like if the future takes a drastic turn for the worse. He turns mans best friend, the dog, against man, changes the role of public servants and changes the value of a person. Aldous Huxley also uses the concept of society out of control in his science fiction novel Brave New World. Written late in his career, Brave New World also deals with man in a changed society. Huxley asks his readers to look at the role of science and literature in the future world, scared that it may be rendered useless and discarded. Unlike Bradbury, Huxley includes in his book a group of people unaffected by the changes in society, a group that still has religious beliefs and marriage, things no longer part of the changed society, to compare and contrast todays culture with his proposed futuristic culture. But one theme that both Brave New World and Fahrenheit 451 use in common is the theme of individual discovery by refusing to accept a passive approach to life, and refusing to conform. In addition, the refusal of various methods of escape from reality is shown to be a path to discovery. In Brave New World, the main characters of Bernard Marx and the Savage boy John both come to realize the faults with their own cultures. In Fahrenheit 451 Guy Montag begins to discover that things could be better in his society but, sue to some uncontrollable events, his discover happens much faster than it would have. He is forced out on his own, away from society, to live with others like himself who think differently that the society does. Marx, from the civilized culture, seriously questions the lack of history that his society has. He also wonders as to the lack of books, banned because they were old and did not encourage the new culture. By visiting a reservation, home of an uncivilized culture of savages, he is able to see first hand something of what life and society use to be like. Afterwards he returns and attempts to incorporate some of what he saw into his work as an advertising agent. As a result with this contrast with the other culture, Marx discovers more about himself as well. He is able to see more clearly the things that had always set him on edge: the promiscuity, the domination of the government and the lifelessness in which he lived. (Allen)John, often referred to as the Savage because he was able to leave the reservation with Marx to go to London to live with him, also has a hard time adjusting to the drastic changes. The son of two members of the modern society but born and raised on the reservatio n, John learned from his mother the values and the customs of the civilized world while living in a culture that had much different values and practices. Though his mother talked of the promiscuity that she had practiced before she was left on the reservation (she was accidentally left there while on vacation, much as Marx was) and did still practice it, John was raised, thanks to the people around him, with the belief that these actions were wrong. Seeing his mother act in a manner that obviously reflected different values greatly affected and hurt John, especially when he returned with Marx to London. Johnloved his mother, but he, a hybrid of the two cultures, was stuck in the middle. (May)These concepts, human reaction to changes in their culture and questioning of these changes, are evident throughout the book. Huxleys characters either conform to societys demands for uniformity

Shoplifting Causes and Solutions Essay Example

Shoplifting: Causes and Solutions Paper Understanding of teen issues, immediate consequences and parent and school involvement are ways to help resolve this behavior in juveniles. How can society as a whole find the solutions necessary to reduce the influx of teenage criminals into a life of crime? As teenagers become aware of their status among their peers, they begin to ponder what can help them to become an accepted part of the in crowd at school and in their neighborhoods. The status symbols they look for are mostly material, whether it be who lives in the better house, who has the nicest family car or who has the most money, For those who need this acceptance, but lack the essential ingredients, there is only one way to gain it, and that is to get it, and get it any way they can, peer pressure among teens plays an important role when it comes to shoplifting. Teens try to keep up with their peers that wear the latest and greatest in todays fashion industry (Teen Shoplifting Statistics, 201 0), As teens attempt to gain acceptance, more and more items become available to them. We will write a custom essay sample on Shoplifting: Causes and Solutions specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Shoplifting: Causes and Solutions specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Shoplifting: Causes and Solutions specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Cell phones, video games, Pods and other small expensive items have become popular among teens, and teens need to feel they have the test to compete with their peers. Paced with the lack of money, they may turn to shoplifting to et those things (Teen Shoplifting Statistics, 2010). There are other reasons teens give as to why they began to shoplift, and most say that they were bored and did not have anything better to do. When a teen experiences the euphoric feeling Of getting away With shoplifting, it is much more difficult to stop. According to the National Association of Shoplifting Prevention, there are approximately 27 million shoplifters in our nation today, or one in eleven people. Twenty-five percent of them are kids. The other seventy-five percent (over 20 million) are adults, and fifty-five percent of them, a staggering 1 1 lion, state that they started shoplifting as a kid (Shoplifting Statistics, n. D). More staggering is the revelation according to the 2006 Juvenile Offenders and Victims Report, 43% of youth reported engaging in shoplifting or theft under $50 by the time they were 1 7 years of age (National Association for Shoplifting Prevention, n,d. It is also important to understand that getting something tort nothing means more to a shoplifter than the value Ottawa they stole. It can represent different things to different people. It is a substitute for loss if they tell they were unfairly deprived through a divorce, illness or death of a loved en, or loss of a job, When someone steals something as simple as a bottle of shampoo, it can temporarily relieve anxiety and give them a feeling of control. Poor some, it is a justified payback and for others it is a relief mechanism for depression, anxiety or frustration (Berlin, P. N. D. ). Some teens may shoplift because of a dare from one of their friends or may act to be accepted in a group of friends that shoplift. This behavior should not be reinforced and should be treated with understanding. They need to be made aware Of the consequences of their actions enough to never want to do it again. In order to accomplish his, teens that are caught shoplifting should be detained instantly. Parents should be called and notified of the situation and be made to pick up their child. These teens should be handcuffed and escorted through the store, and be made aware of the fact that multiple offenses may amount to a criminal record thereby making it harder for them to find a job, go to college or accomplish many of their future aspirations (Teen Shoplifting Statistics, 2010). Our prisons today are filled with many criminals who started out in their life of crime as a teen, According too study conducted by Athena Research Corp., many juvenile fenders started out shoplifting at a convenience store and then graduated to robbery. Its a sequence, said Rosemary Erickson, Phd, a forensic sociologist and founder to Athena Research Corp. (8. G. , F. , 2006). The first step in addressing this issue is parent involvement. Parents need to be aware of their teen and notice any new items to clothing and or device. Dont be afraid to ask your teen where they attained their new treasures. Being observant allows the teen to know their parents care and would reduce the need to steal substantially. As small children we can all remember the time we stole candy from the cash sister line, opening it in the car feeling happy until our mom or dad noticed and reprimanded us for stealing. The loving parent then returned to the store so we could apologize to the store manager and pay for the candy. What a great teaching tool and impression this can make on the young child. Teaching children the value of honesty can be a great lesson learned as they grow throughout their life. When faced with the pressures to shoplift, they can remember their childhood experiences and would in turn refrain from stealing (Teen Shoplifting Statistics, 2010). Parents should not make excuses for their teens when they are caught hopping. This instills disrespect for authority Within the child, and they do not recognize that what they have done is wrong, whatever their reasons were. Parents need to listen to their teen to find the root of their behavior and understanding them is crucial in solving any problems they face. If these tendencies are not solved during their teenage years, their behavior may carry through to their adult life, thereby creating a lifelong criminal. Even though it does not seem so, this is a serious crime that should not be treated lightly. Parents should take this opportunity to guide their children to be honest citizens Teen shoplifting statistics, 2010). In Trip-Valley California, teens that are caught shoplifting may have to face one of their peers in a volunteer diversion program known as Youth Court. Mark Lark, a 16 year old junior at Livermore High was looking for a different volunteer opportunity when he came across this program. l think this is really cool we can help people our own age, said Lark, who was one of the first to volunteer. This is nothing like traditional court, The offenders admit guilt before they come to court. An adult volunteer presides as judge, but the jury and attorneys from both sides are young people like Mark It is intended to steer offenders away from trouble and participation is voluntary. With referrals from school officials, and police departments, the Youth Court proceedings will handle misdemeanors offenses such as shoplifting. Part of their sentence Will include community service and serving on a youth court jury. The offense does not go on their record, but those who do not complete their sentence get a couple of warnings before their cases are sent back to the official juvenile justice system where they may suffer a more conventional punishment. Coordinators are hoping that being judged by their peers might have an impact n recidivism and may have more meaning if it was not coming from adults. There is definitely a difference in the way you are treated, said Darrel White, youth offender program director for Oakland, CA. Once you get in the juvenile justice system, it is hard to get out (Lie, E. 2008) Together, Parents and school systems can join together to assist in the prevention of teen shoplifting and other teen behaviors. Schools can implement more volunteer opportunities, after school activities and better counseling, parents can become more involved in the everyday elite toothier children, remembering the time when they homeless were teenagers and the issues that they faced, Goth can assist in the education oftenest teens which would help offenders understand how shoplifting affects the lives of real people, not just the stores they shoplift from, They need to know the laws, how technology is used to catch shoplifters, and how much risk is involved. They can also understand the hardships they may face in their lives that can be caused by shoplifting, such as humiliation, embarrassment, going to jail, loss of trust by parents, friends and family, having a criminal record and difficulty getting a job, to name a few (Why Educational Rehabilitation Helps, . D. ) In essence, the solutions for the shoplifting epidemic are simple. It is a matter of whether or not the parents of these offenders and society as a whole are Willing enough to get involved and join together in creating a better future for these children. Today, there are more issues facing these children as more and more families struggle to survive in the face Of the recessionary environment. Many families are finding it more difficult to make ends meet, which in turn leaves less ability to give kids What they feel they need to bring them to the level of their peers. Giving them attention, educating them on the rights and wrongs of society and understanding their issues is a giant step in solving the ongoing problem of shoplifting.

Barracuda Facts

Barracuda Facts The barracuda (Sphyraenidae spp) is sometimes portrayed as an ocean menace, but does it deserve such a reputation? This common fish found in the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans as well as the Caribbean and Red seas, has threatening teeth and a habit of approaching swimmers, but its not the danger you might think. Fast Facts: Barracuda Scientific Name: SphyraenidaeCommon Name: BarracudaBasic Animal Group: FishSize: 20 inches to 6 feet or moreWeight: Up to 110 poundsLifespan: Varies by species; giant barracudas live up to 14 yearsSpeed: Up to 35 miles per hourDiet:  CarnivoreHabitat: Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans, Caribbean and Red SeasPopulation: UnknownConservation Status: Not Evaluated Description Even if youre new to  fish identification, youll quickly learn to recognize the barracudas distinctive look. The fish has a long, slender body that is tapered at the ends and thicker in the middle. The head is somewhat flattened on top and pointed in front, and the lower jaw projects forward menacingly. Its two dorsal fins are far apart, and its pectoral fins are positioned low on the body. Most species are dark on top, with silver sides and a clear lateral line that extends from the head to the tail on each side. The barracudas caudal fin is slightly forked ​and curved on the trailing edge. Smaller barracuda species may max out at 20 inches in length, but the larger species can achieve a startling 6 feet or longer in size. Is there anything more unnerving than being approached by a fearless fish with a mouth full of razor-sharp teeth? Barracuda have big mouths, with long jaws and a characteristic under-bite. They also have a lot of teeth. In fact, barracuda have two rows of teeth: an outer row of small but sharp teeth for tearing flesh apart, and an inner row of long, dagger-like teeth to firmly grasp its prey. A few of the barracudas teeth point backward, as an extra aid for securing squirming fish. Smaller fish are mercifully swallowed whole, but larger fish are efficiently chopped to pieces in the hungry barracudas jaws. A barracuda can open its mouth wide enough to snatch just about any fish it encounters, from a tiny killifish to a chunky grouper. Image Source/Getty Images Species The name barracuda doesnt apply to one specific fish, but rather an entire family. The Sphyraenidae is the group of fish known collectively as barracuda. The species most people picture when thinking of a barracuda is probably the great barracuda (Sphyraena barracuda), a commonly encountered fish. But the worlds oceans are full of all kinds of barracuda, including the pickhandle barracuda, the sawtooth barracuda, and the sharpfin barracuda. Some species are named for the area where they are found, like the Guinean barracuda, the Mexican barracuda, the Japanese barracuda, and the European barracuda. Habitat and Range Most species of barracuda live in near-shore habitats, such as seagrass beds, mangroves, and coral reefs. Theyre primarily marine fish, although a few varieties can tolerate brackish water at times. Barracuda inhabit the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans, and are also commonly found in the Caribbean and Red seas. Diet Barracuda have a diverse diet, preferring small tunas, mullets, jacks, grunts, groupers, snappers, killifishes, herrings, and anchovies.  They hunt mainly by sight, scanning the water for signs of prey as they swim. Smaller fish are most visible when they reflect light and often look like shiny metal objects in the water. This, unfortunately, can lead to misunderstandings between barracuda and humans in the water. A swimmer or diver with anything reflective is likely to get an aggressive bump from a curious barracuda. The barracuda isnt interested in you, necessarily. It just wants to sample the object that looks like a shiny, silverfish. Still, its a bit unsettling to have a barracuda come barreling toward you, teeth first, so its best to remove anything reflective before getting in the water. Behavior A barracudas body is shaped like a torpedo and made for cutting through the water. This long, lean, and muscular fish is one of the fastest creatures in the sea, capable of swimming up to 35 mph. Barracuda swim almost as fast as the notoriously speedy mako sharks. Barracuda cant maintain top speed for long distances, however. The barracuda is a sprinter, capable of bursts of speed in pursuit of prey. They spend most of their time swimming slow enough to survey for food, and only accelerate when a meal is within reach; they often swim together in small or large schools. Reproduction and Offspring The timing and location of barracuda spawning are not as yet well-documented, but scientists surmise that mating takes place in deeper, offshore waters and probably in spring. Eggs are released by the female and fertilized by the male in open waters, and then are dispersed by currents.   Newly hatched barracuda larvae settle in shallow, vegetated estuaries, and leave the estuary when they have achieved a length of about 2 inches. They then stay in mangrove and seagrass habitats until they are about one year old.   Great barracuda have a lifespan of at least 14 years, and they typically reach sexual maturity at two years (male) and four years (female).   Fotosearch/Getty Images   Barracudas and Humans Because barracuda are fairly common and inhabit the same waters where people swim and dive, the chance of encountering a barracuda is quite high. But despite their proximity to people in the water, barracuda rarely attack or injure humans. Most bites occur when the barracuda mistakes a metallic object for a fish and attempts to snatch it. The barracuda isnt likely to continue biting once it realizes the object in question isnt food. Barracuda attacks are rare and almost never fatal. Those teeth will do some damage to an arm or leg, though, so victims usually require stitches. While smaller barracuda are generally safe to eat, larger barracuda can be ciguatoxic (poisonous to humans) because they consume larger fish with higher toxin loads. At the bottom of the food chain, toxic plankton known as Gambiendiscus toxicus attaches itself to algae on the coral reef. Small, herbivorous fish feed on the algae and consume the toxin, too. Larger, predatory fish prey on the small fish, and accumulate a higher concentration of the toxin in their bodies. Each successive predator accumulates more toxins. Ciguatera food poisoning is unlikely to kill you, but its not an experience youll enjoy. The biotoxins cause gastrointestinal, neurological, and cardiovascular symptoms that persist for weeks or months. Patients report hallucinations, severe muscle and joint pain, skin irritation, and even a reversal of hot and cold sensations. Unfortunately, theres no way to identify a ciguatoxin barracuda, and neither heat nor freezing can kill the fat-soluble toxins in a contaminated fish. Its best to avoid consuming large barracuda. Sources Family Sphyraenidae – Barracuda. Fishbase.org, 2012.Martin, R. Aidan. Record-Breakers: Hauling Bass. Biology of Sharks and Rays. ReefQuest Center for Shark Research, 2003.Bester, Cathleen. Sphyraena barracuda: Great Barracuda. Florida Museum, University of Florida.Lawley, Richard. Ciguatoxins. Food Safety Watch, January 30, 2013.Olander, Doug. The Perils of Ciguatera: Will your next fresh-caught fish dinner be a toxic time bomb? Sport Fishing Magazine, May 5, 2011.

Fund Managers, Intangibles, and Private Disclosure Essay

Fund Managers, Intangibles, and Private Disclosure - Essay Example Intangibles come in many different forms and nature. Example of these includes structural capital, human capital and relational capital. In the present case, however, intellectual capital is the only intangible that is mentioned. A large extent, it can be said that this is so because the intellectual capital of the present company is made up of an embodiment of all the components of intangibles. What is more, given any market value, intellectual capital is believed to be made up of the difference in the market value and tangible assets possessed by the company. Therefore, because the core component of cash input in the case was share price, the intellectual capital was named as the only intangible to represent all difference that would come from the share price and tangible assets. One critical condition that can be used to judge whether the meeting constitutes insider information or not has to do with whether or not the information given can provide any form of financial advantage in the trading of shares of companies. From this perspective, since the meeting with the fund manager involved information on how value arose and how efforts can be put in place to ensure that in future dealings, more value arose from the intangibles, this advantage could be described as insider information. If for nothing at all, the information that was received was a non-public fact and not accessible to all other players in the share trade business. Ideally, because the overall income of the fund manager is determined by a ratio of the overall fund average asset, it would be said that the insider information was going to benefit the fund manager. This is because he was going to be put in a position where he was going to have better strategies put in place to manage the portfolio of trading activities and consequently see a higher rise in the fund’s average assets.